Michael Torigian

Michael Torigian, before studying history at the University of California and sociology at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes, spent nearly a decade in the American labor movement.

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Author of…

Every Factory a Fortress

The French Labor Movement in the Age of Ford and Hitler

French trade unions played a historical role in the 1930s quite unlike that of any other labor movement. Against a backdrop of social unrest, parliamentary crisis, and impending world war, industrial unionists in the great metal-fabricating plants of the Paris Region carried out a series of street mobilizations, factory occupations, and general strikes that were virtually unique in Western history.…